Философия, година XXVI, книжка 4, 2017

Abstract. Статията разглежда връзката между понятията стоицизъм, скептицизъм и нещастно съзнание във „Феноменология на духа“ на Хегел и пиесата на Джордж Байрон „Каин“. Байроновият библейски герои Каин, син на Адам и Ева, си задава редица философски въпроси и подобно на Хегеловото понятие за скептицизъм въстава срещу установените небесни норми и закони. Чрез познанието, идващо от Луцифер, и подобно на нещастното съзнание при Хегел Каин достига до самосъзнанието за себе си.

Keywords: stoicism; scepticism; unhappy consciousness; good; evil; knowledge; love

HEGEL AND BYRON. A DIALOGUE BETWEEN “PHENOMENOLOGY OF SPIRIT” AND THE MYSTERY “CAIN”

Abstract. This article discuss the relationship between stoicism, scepticism and unhappy consciousness in Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” and George Byron’s play “Cain”. The Byron’s biblical hero Cain, a son of Adam and Eve, raises a number of philosophical questions and like Hegel’s concept of scepticism, revolt against the established heavenly norms and laws. Through the knowledge that comes from Lucifer and like Hegel’s unhappy consciousness, Cain reaches the self-consciousness for himself.

Dr. Deyan Penchev, PhD

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TYPES OF RATIONALITY – GENESIS AND OVERCOMING OF ALIENATION (THE CONTRADICTION)

Georgi Donev

South-West University “Neofit Rilski”

Abstract. This paper makes reconstruction of Dostoevsky’s idea of “Devils”, as well as Camus’ understanding of existential absurd through Kant’s transcendental logics. The following types of rationality are justified: classical and non-classical, as well as their gnoseological relation. The thesis that the absurd is determined by the substantial form of thinking of classical rationality is argumented. Accordingly, the “Devils” are interpretation of the substantial thinking and their overcoming is accomplished through the transcendental interpretation of human existence. The thesis that Dostoevsky’s conceptualization is a transcendental form of thinking, whereas Camus remains in the interpretative boundaries of substantial (non-phenomenological) thinking is also argumented.

Keywords: classical type of rationality; non-classical type of rationality; grounds of the absurd; absolutization of existence; phenomenologization of existence

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ВЪРХУ ОБЕКТИТЕ НА ВРЕМЕСЪЗНАНИЕТО

Коста Бенчев

Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski“

Abstract. Въз основа предпоставката за възприемане на абстрактните същности като на едни никога завършени резултати от конструиране, настоящата статия цели да развие възглед за истината, който е съсредоточен върху степените на вероятност. Те се определят като поредици от движещи се отношения между прилики и разлики, т.е. като зависими от времето. Самото време се анализира посредством обичайните понятия за модалните категории, при което изглеждат оправдани определени критики срещу линейното представяне на потока на съзнанието в рамката на минало, настояще и бъдеще. Аргументира се в полза съществуване на прости онтологически обекти и съответно – за схващането им като прости идеи, което помага да се допринесе към перспективите за едно номиналистко обяснение на т.нар. „отрицателни факти“. То поставя под въпрос разделението между „преди“ и „след“ по отношение на времесъзнанието, като накрая се изтъкват доводи в подкрепа на положението, че бъдещето следва да се мисли не като нещо действително, а като нещо, което – макар „само“ по един виртуален начин – по един или друг начин вече се случило, бивайки сега „минало-като-бъдеще“.

Keywords:actuality; potentiality; possibility; probability; contingency; necessity; fact; similarity; difference; time; consciousness; past; present; future; series; illusion; modality; continuum; discreteness; remembrance; linear; circular; Aristotle; McTaggart; Russell; Husserl; Heidegger

ON OBJECTS OF TIME-CONSCIOUSNESS

Abstract. Based on the presupposition of conceiving abstract entities as never-ending results of construction, the present article aims at developing a view of truth that is focused on degrees of probability. They are defined as series of moving relations between similarities and differences, i.e. as time-dependent. Time itself is analyzed through the usual concepts for modal categories, from where certain critiques of linear re-presentations concerning the flow of consciousness within the framework of past, present and future seem relevant. A case is made in favor of simple ontological objects and their respective grasping as simple ideas, that helps to contribute towards some perspectives for nominalistic explanation of s.c. “negative facts” which challenges the „before”-vs.-“after dichotomy” pertaining to time-consciousness with a final hint that it seems appropriate to think the future not as something actual, but as something that has already (albeit “only” in a virtual manner) somehow “happened” (now being a “past-as-future”).

Mr. Kosta Bentchev, PhD Student

Sofia University

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МОДЕЛИРАНЕ НА ИСТИНАТА В ЛОГИЧЕСКОТО ПРОСТРАНСТВО

Dr. Silviya Kristeva

South-West University Blagoevgrad (Bulgaria)

Abstract. Статията ще постави въпроса за истината отвъд езиковите конституенти в нейното дефиниране и постигане и оттам към моделирането й, което да се основе предимно на познавателни параметри. Ще бъде търсено конкретно решение на трактовката на Витгенщайн, предложена в „Логико-философски трактат“, за „условията за истинност“ на една пропозиция в логическото пространство като нейно „изобразяващо отношение“ и за начина, по който пропозицията структурира логическото пространство. Дали това ще е легитимен вариант на една „логика на истината“ в Кантов смисъл и кои елементи от Кантовия логически проект могат да послужат за „разграфяване“ на логическото пространство с оглед на познанието на един предмет и на познавателното му дислоциране в логическия универсум, именно от гледната точка на целия спрегнат предметно универсум. Може ли да се набележат подстъпите, алгоритъмът на „реалностно“ изчисление на предметната стойност в логическия универсум.

Keywords: Wittgenstein; Kant; logical space; truth; object

TRUTHMODELINGINLOGICALSPACE

Abstract. This statue will pose the question for the truth beyond language constituents in its defining and achieving and from this point toward its modeling grounded above all on cognitive parameters. The concrete solution will be searched concerning Wittgenstein’s conception, offered in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, for the “truth-conditions” of a proposition in logical space as its “representing relation” and for the way through which the proposition structures logical space. We will search whether this will be a legitimate version of a “logic of truth” in the sense of Kant, and which elements of Kantian logical project can be applied for the division of logical space for the cognition of an object and its cognitive dislocation in logical universum, exactly from the point of view of the whole cognitively and objectively formed universum. How we can outline the approaches, the algorithm of a “real-objective” calculation of the object value in the logical space.

Dr. Silviya Kristeva, Assist. Prof.

South-West University “Neofit Rilski”

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“GOD’S ELECT NATION” MYTH: RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR DIMENSIONS

Nonka Bogomilova

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Abstract. The paper analyzes the religious and the secular dimensions of the “God’s elect nation” myth, outlining that associating religion and mythology is one of the social-psychological mechanisms used to create and maintain the nation. The cultural mechanisms of the paradoxical reduction of religious universality to the local/national, the transformation of that which binds into that which separates are explained. The thesis is elaborated that the “nationalization” of God, whereby his transcendence is replaced by historical immanence, holds a potential to engender conflicts even between communities of the same religious confession. A sufficient number of historical instances indicate that most nations and peoples have each their own specific religious or secular myth of divine election or messianic myth of some exclusive mission or value; these myths are activated under conducive conditions. The situations that provoke feelings of ethnic or national unity and activate messianic mythologies are outlined. The religious radicalization is analyzed either as resulting from political and ethnic radicalization, from war, or as involved in these processes. The functions of intellectuals, of rationality and reason are discussed.

Keywords: “God’s elect nation” myth; religious; secular; nation; ethnic; conflict; stigmatization; reason

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THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH: BUILDING A DOCTRINAL NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 1990S

Heta Hurskainen

University of Eastern Finland – Finland

Abstract. The building of a national identity for the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) at the beginning of the 1990s can best be understood by examining what are roughly the early years, from 1991 to 1994, when the foundations for the identity building were established. During these years, which were a time of chaos and reconstruction for the Russian nation, the ROC started to develop its understanding of national identity. This development took place in reaction to different kinds of crises, conflicts and problems, which the ROC faced due to a changed societal situation and which needed an answer, although the inner rebuilding of the ROC was still unfinished. The aim of this paper is to analyse the doctrinal argumentation on national identity that took place during those tumultuous times, when the ROC found itself situated within new national borders. My specific questions are: Were religious doctrinal arguments about a nation completely unthinkable in the chaotic situations at the beginning of the 1990s? Does a doctrine lose its religious nature and motivation when the ROC uses it as a means of co-operation with the state and politics? Did the ROC’s doctrinal interpretations generate a nation of peace or conflict in the 1990s?

Keywords: Russian Orthodox Church; national identity; doctrinal reasoning; 1990s

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КРАСОТАТА И ЛЮБОВТА В СВЕТА НА ВЛАДИМИР СОЛОВЬОВ

Prof. Dr. Dobromir Dobrev

Episkop Konstantin Preslavski Shumen University

Abstract. Владимир Соловьов има свое уникално присъствие във философския дискурс за красотата и любовта. Неговият стремеж да постигне цялостност и завършеност в прераждането на природата и човека, намира отражение в представената статия.

Keywords: Solovyov; Dostoevsky; Berdyaev; Plato; beauty; love; nature

THE BEAUTY AND LOVE IN VLADIMIR SOLOVYOV’S WORLD

Abstract. Vladimir Solovyov has his own unique presence in the philosophical discourse of beauty and love. His endeavor to achieve integrity and completeness in the reincarnation of nature and man is reflected in the presented article.

Dr. Dobromir Dobrev, Prof.

Shumen University “Episkop Konstantin Preslavski”

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SHERRY BY ELIANE LIMA

(USA, 24 m. 2017)

M. Kennedy Volcofsky

California Institute of the Arts – California

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НАИСТИНА, ФИЛОСОФИЯТА КОМУ Е НУЖНА?

Желязко Стоянов

Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski“

REALLY, PHILOSOPHY: WHO NEEDS IT?

Prof. Zhelyazko Stoyanov, DSc.

нагоре

Философия, година XXVI, книжка 4, 2017

Сп. „Химия“, книжка 6/2017

Чуждоезиково обучение, книжка 6, година XLIV, 2017

Чуждоезиково обучение, книжка 6, година XLIV, 2017

Български език и литература, книжка 6, година LIX, 2017

сп. "История", книжка 6, година XXV, 2017

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