{"id":43365,"date":"2019-02-21T14:46:39","date_gmt":"2019-02-21T11:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/"},"modified":"2019-06-18T21:58:26","modified_gmt":"2019-06-18T18:58:26","slug":"1-xxvii-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 1\/2019, Volume 27"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a name=\"top\"><\/a>CONTENTS of issue 1\/2019 \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 1\/2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>EDITORIAL \/ \u041a\u042a\u041c \u0427\u0418\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042f<\/strong> \u2013 p. 7<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_Editorial.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE \/ \u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0410\u041b\u041d\u041e \u0411\u041e\u0413\u0410\u0422\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art01\">\u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0443\u043b <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art01\">[Previously Unknown Portrait of Vasil Levski from the Ottoman Archive in Instanbul] \/ <\/a><br \/><em>\u0414\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0432 \/ Dora Chausheva, Viktor Kombov \u2013 <\/em>p. 8<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_Chausheva_Kombov.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art02\">\u201e\u0414\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u043e\u2019\u0435\u0442\u044a\u201c: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u00ad\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440 \u201e\u0421\u0432. \u0419\u043e\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u201c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u044f\u0445 <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art02\">[\u201cTo Be Known\u201d: The Old Print Books in the Library of the Monastery of Saint Jovan Bigorski] \/ <\/a><br \/><em>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043d \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432 \/ Kristiyan Kovachev <\/em><em>\u2013 <\/em>p. 14<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_KristiyanKovachev.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art03\">\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0438\u043b II \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433 (1391 \u2013 1425), \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u00ad\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art03\">[The Rule Of Manuel II Paleologus (1391\u2013 1425), The Ottoman Empire and Europe] \/ <\/a><br \/><em>\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432 \/ Nikolay Danev<\/em><em>&#8211;<\/em>p. 25<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_NikolayDanev.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art04\">\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u00ad\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u044a\u043a, 1748 \u2013 1763 <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art04\">[The British and French Colonial Expansion in North America: Rise and Clashes, 1748 \u2013 1763] \/ <\/a><br \/><em>\u041c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d \u041a\u044a\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432 \/ Milen Kanchev<\/em><em>&#8211;<\/em>p. 34<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_MilenKanchev.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art05\">\u0424\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art05\">[Fascism \u2013 National Socialism] \/<\/a> <br \/><em>\u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ Voin Bojinov <\/em><em>\u2013 <\/em>p. 50<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_VoinBojinov.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa15\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA \/ \u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art06\">\u0414\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art06\">[Bulgarian Cultural-Historical Heritage, Stored by Konstantin Kanev\u2019s Activity] <\/a><em><a href=\"#art06\">\/ <\/a><br \/>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ Maria Glavcheva\u00a0<\/em><em>&#8211;\u00a0<\/em>p.58<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_Maria-Glavcheva.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art07\">The Common Law and the Canon of Lek\u00eb Dukagjini \/ <\/a><br \/><em>Berat Aqifi , Ardian Emini, Xhemshit Shala\u00a0<\/em><em>&#8211;\u00a0<\/em>p.72<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_Aqifi_Co.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0415VENTS \/ \u0425\u0420\u041e\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u041a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u043a <br \/>[Culture of Journey in the South-Eastern Europe] \/\u00a0<br \/><em>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ Antoinette Balcheva<\/em><em> \u2013 <\/em>p. 86<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_AntoinetteBalcheva.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u201e\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u00ad\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u201c (\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u201e\u0421\u0432. \u0441\u0432. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0438 \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439\u201c \u2013 28 \u0438 29 \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 2018 \u0433.) <br \/>[Institutions and Bulgarian Economic Development during the Ages (Veliko Tarnovo University \u201cSt. Cyril and Methodius\u201d \u2013 28 \u2013 29 September 2018)] \/ <br \/><em>\u0415\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ Emilia Vacheva <\/em><em>\u2013 <\/em>p.93<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_EmiliaVacheva.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>REVIEWS AND ANOTATIONS \/ \u0420\u0415\u0426\u0415\u041d\u0417\u0418\u0418 \u0418 \u0410\u041d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 <br \/>[A New Look At the Medieval Balkans] \/ <br \/><em>\u041c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Mira Markova<\/em><em> \u2013 <\/em>p.100<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19_MiraMarkova.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa14\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u2013 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u044a\u0442? <br \/>[What is the Cost of the War, and of the Peace?] \/ <br \/><em>\u0410\u043b\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Albena Simova<\/em><em> \u2013 <\/em>p. 104<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_History_1_19-13_AlbenaSimova.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa15\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa15\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>READ IN THE LATEST ISSUES OF \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS \/ \u0412 \u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u0420\u041e\u0415\u0412\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0418\u0421\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0418\u0417\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e ,,\u0410\u0417 \u0411\u0423\u041a\u0418\u201c \u0427\u0415\u0422\u0415\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art01\"><\/a>\u041d\u0415\u0418\u0417\u0412\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041d \u0414\u041e\u0421\u0415\u0413\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u0420\u0422\u0420\u0415\u0422 \u041d\u0410 \u0410\u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u041b\u0410 \u0412 \u041e\u0421\u041c\u0410\u041d\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u0410\u0420\u0425\u0418\u0412 \u0412 \u0418\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0411\u0423\u041b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0432 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>Vasil Levski National Museum \u2013 Karlovo<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0443\u043b) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 2018 \u0433. \u041d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u044a\u0440\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Keywords<\/em>: Vasil Levski; photo; documents; Istanbul; revolutionary organization<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN PORTRAIT OF VASIL LEVSKI FROM THE OTTOMAN ARCHIVE IN INSTANBUL<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. This article represents a photo of Vasil Levski, which was found in the Turkish Presidency State Archives of the Republic of Turkey \u2013 Department of Ottoman Archives in Istanbul in October, 2018. Its presence in exactly this archive, along with other documents of the Bulgarian revolutionary organization and the text on the back of the photo in Ottoman Turkish, leads to the conclusion that this is the photographic portrait of the Apostle, which was used for his chasing. With it, the total number of Vasil Levski\u2018s photos amounts to eight.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Ms. Dora Chausheva <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Mr. Viktor Kombov <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">National Museum \u201cVasil Levski\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art02\"><\/a>\u201e\u0414\u0410 \u0421\u0415 \u0417\u041d\u041e\u0300 \u0415\u0422\u042a\u201c: \u0421\u0422\u0410\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0415\u0427\u0410\u0422\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041a\u041d\u0418\u0413\u0418 \u0412 \u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0411\u0418\u0413\u041e\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u041c\u0410\u041d\u0410\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0420 \u201e\u0421\u0412. \u0419\u041e\u0410\u041d \u041a\u0420\u042a\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u201c \u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041f\u0418\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0412 \u0422\u042f\u0425<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Kristiyan Kovachev <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>South-West University \u201cNeofit Rilski\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u00ad\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440 \u201e\u0421\u0432. \u0419\u043e\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u201c, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u00ad\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVII \u2013 XIX \u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u201c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Keywords: <\/em>old-printed books; Monastery of Saint Jovan Bigorski; monastic life<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>\u201cTO BE KNOWN\u201d: THE OLD PRINT BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY OF THE MONASTERY OF SAINT JOVAN BIGORSKI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>The article analyzes the collection of old-printed books, which are kept in the Monastery of Saint Jovan Bigorski. These books are poorly researched in Macedonian and Bulgarian historiography. The focus is on the brief notes made in the margins of a book. They testify to the important role that the monastery had in the 17th-19th centuries. In addition these notes are a testimony to the lives of ordinary people which often leaving aside from the Big Narrative.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Mr. Kristiyan Kovachev, PhD student <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">South-West University \u201cNeofit Rilski\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art03\"><\/a>\u0423\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u041c\u0410\u041d\u0423\u0418\u041b II \u041f\u0410\u041b\u0415\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413 (1391 \u2013 1425 \u0413.), \u041e\u0421\u041c\u0410\u041d\u0421\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0418\u041c\u041f\u0415\u0420\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u0415\u0412\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Nikolaj Danev <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>New Bulgarian University<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 XIV \u2013 XV \u0432\u0435\u043a \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044a\u043a \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0415\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u00ad\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0438\u043b II \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433 (1391 \u2013 1425), \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 10 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1399 \u0433. \u043e\u0442\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0417\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0430\u00ad\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441 \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0412 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>Keywords<\/em>: Manuel II Palaeologus; Schism; Union; Ottoman conquest; The Siege of Constantinople; the quest for aid<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>THE RULE OF MANUEL II PALEOLOGUS (1391 \u2013 1425), THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND EUROPE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. The period of XIV and XV century is one of the most important for Balkan history. The Ottoman invasions of the Balkans predetermine the destiny of Bulgarians, Ottomans, Greeks, Serbs and a number of other nations, because Ottoman hegemony significantly alters the ethnic, religious and geopolitical outlook of Southeast Europe.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\">One of the most memorable personalities of this period is the Byzantine Em\u00adperor Manuel II Paleologus (1391 \u2013 1425), who in order to save his decaying state made a desperate move &#8211; on December 10, 1399, he sailed from Constantinople, aboard several Venetian galleys, to seek personal help from the rulers of the West. This adventure is one of the most romantic parts of Byzantium\u2019s past, and to this day it is of great interest to historians. In this article we will explore some of the key points in this journey.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Mr. Nikolay Danev, PhD student <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">New Bulgarian University<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art04\"><\/a>\u041a\u041e\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0418\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0415\u041a\u0421\u041f\u0410\u041d\u0417\u0418\u042f \u041d\u0410 \u0424\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0423\u0417\u0418 \u0418 \u0411\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0418 \u0412 \u0421\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u0410 \u0410\u041c\u0415\u0420\u0418\u041a\u0410: \u0412\u042a\u0417\u0425\u041e\u0414 \u0418 \u0421\u0411\u041b\u042a\u0421\u042a\u041a, 1748 \u2013 1763 \u0413.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>\u041c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d \u041a\u044a\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 XVIII \u0432\u0435\u043a: <em>frontier <\/em>\u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0440. \u0422\u044a\u0440\u043d\u044a\u0440 \u0438 <em>middle ground <\/em>\u043d\u0430 \u0420. \u0423\u0430\u0439\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f \u2013 <em>terra media<\/em>, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442 <em>middle ground<\/em>. \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 <em>terra media <\/em>\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u00ad\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0430\u043b\u00ad\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>Keywords<\/em>: middle ground; frontier; colonial empire; colonial expansion<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>THE BRITISH AND FRENCH COLONIAL EXPANSION IN NORTH AMERICA: RISE AND CLASHES, 1748 \u2013 1763<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>The article discusses the main concepts in the studies of North America colonial expansion in the middle of the eighteenth century: the frontier of Frederic Turner and the middle ground of Richard White. A new concept is introduced that measures the diversity and dynamics of the expansion process \u2013 terra media, based on and extending the space of the generic construct middle ground. The idea for terra media argues for a presence of a quasi-empire \u2013 a community united by a chain of relations and pertaining to the colonial empire, natural as for the local tribes as well as for the European colonies. Such continuum emerges after the fall of the empires in the spaces once belonged to the perished colonial powers within the areas claimed by their expansion policy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Mr. Milen Kanchev, PhD student <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">Faculty of History<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">University of Sofia<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art05\"><\/a>\u0424\u0410\u0428\u0418\u0417\u042a\u041c \u2013 \u041d\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u0421\u041e\u0426\u0418\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0417\u042a\u041c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>\u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>Institute for Historical Studies - <\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulgaria)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u00ad\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430. \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u044a\u0442, \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u00ad\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u201e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u201c \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u00ad\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044f \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043c\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044a\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434\u00ad\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0446\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>Keywords<\/em>: World War One; ideologies; fascism; German National Socialism, Hitler<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>FASCISM \u2013 NATIONAL SOCIALISM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>After the end of the World War One the old political habits were put under a serious test. The tough consequences of the conflict led to new ideologies that offered quick and easy recipes for coming out of the aftermath of the after military crisis. The Italian fascism, for example, promoted the vision of a strong state, guided by the Fascist Party and its leader. The leader, his party embodied the state. They were its image and content. These understandings were \u201cfurther developed\u201d by the German National Socialism, which added to them the racial hatred and the idea of the superiority of the Aryan. Everybody knows what the final of these political experiments was.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Dr. Voin Bojinov <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">Institute for Historical Research<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art06\"><\/a>\u0414\u0423\u0425\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410, \u041e\u0411\u0429\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0415\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0418 \u041a\u041d\u0418\u0416\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0414\u0415\u0419\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u041d\u0410 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0422\u0418\u041d \u041a\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0412 \u2013 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041d\u041e\u0421 \u0412 \u0417\u0410\u041f\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0420\u041e\u0414\u041e\u041f\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041a\u0423\u041b\u0422\u0423\u0420\u041d\u041e- \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Maria Glavcheva <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u201e\u041f\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0425\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201d, \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0421\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>\u041a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u00ad\u0432\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0420\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0435 \u0421\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442, \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b \u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e \u041c\u043e\u043c\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0438. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u00ad\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0420\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438 \u0438 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><em>Keywords<\/em>: historical heritage; Konstantin Kanev; memory<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa22\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>BULGARIAN CULTURAL-HISTORICAL HERITAGE, STORED BY KONSTANTIN KANEV \u2018S ACTIVITY <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract. <\/strong>The cultural and historical heritage of the state includes, in principle, both material specimens and the facts and interpretations preserved in historical literary works. Rhodope Mountain is one of the picturesque Bulgarian mountains. In the area of Smolyan district is Momchilovtsi village. The article presents information that Konstantin Kanev devotes his remarkable literary work to this settlement and to the local people as well as the collections of short stories later published. The preserved memory of the future through the literary work and social activity of Konstantin Kanev is his most significant contribution to the history of the Middle Rhodopes and Bulgaria.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Ms. Maria Glavcheva, Assist.Prof <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">Plovdiv University \u201cPaisii Hilendarski\u201d, Smolyan Branch<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong><a name=\"art07\"><\/a>THE COMMON LAW AND THE CANON OF LEK\u00cb DUKAGJINI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa20\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">1)<strong>Berat Aqifi <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">2)<strong>Ardian Emini, Xhemshit Shala <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">1)<em>University \u201cKadri Zeka\u201d (Republic of Kosovo), 2)Universum College (Republic of Kosovo)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. This paper contains a summary, chronology and analysis of a specific process that Albania has in general, as it is the specificity of blood feud, which is one of the typical and very current problems of the Albanian people. The implication of the second parties and the third parties on these developments in reconciliation of the lynx and the effect of the Canon of Lek\u00eb Dukagjini and other socio cultural implications for overcoming the inter human conflicts that find support at customary law, at the same time it is considered as an act to settle down the disputes, a legal and institutional component for the replacement of the courts. Special emphasis is placed on the Canon that Albanian law is an Albanian institution, institutional history, but also a \u201cformulated idea\u201d. It is the mind and spirit of the Albanians, conceived for centuries in the oral tradition, preserved, protected with fanaticism and transmitted as a message, to be understood, disaggregated and absorbed in the way it was formulated and transmitted, without being changed in form and content. The Canons are the product of an ancestral society, when Canon law was the only right to regulate life. Life becomes fierce not only in the sense of confronting nature, but also of people with each other, which is characterized by a constant competition, which one alone can not withstand. One of the challenges that Albanian society and state faces in this decade is the phenomenon of blood feud and revenge, a habit inherited from the ancient past, incompatible with the principles of civilized society and the rule of law.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa21\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Keywords: <\/em>Canon; customary law; reconciliation; blood feud<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Dr. Berat Aqifi, Assoc. Prof. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">Faculty of Law in Gjilan<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">University \u201cKadri Zeka\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Dr. Ardian Emini, Senior Lecturer <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">Universum College<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa19\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">Republic of Kosovo<\/p>\n<p class=\"Pa18\" style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\"><strong>Dr. Xhemshit Shala <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"right\">Republic of Kosovo<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"right\">\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTENTS of issue 1\/2019 \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 1\/2019 \u00a0 EDITORIAL \/ \u041a\u042a\u041c \u0427\u0418\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042f &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 7\u00a0\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u00a0 DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE \/ \u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0410\u041b\u041d\u041e \u0411\u041e\u0413\u0410\u0422\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0443\u043b [Previously Unknown Portrait of Vasil Levski from the Ottoman Archive in Instanbul] \/ \u0414\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0432 \/ Dora Chausheva, [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[]},"categories":[3726],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 1, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXVII, 2019 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 1, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXVII, 2019 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CONTENTS of issue 1\/2019 \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 1\/2019 \u00a0 EDITORIAL \/ \u041a\u042a\u041c \u0427\u0418\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042f &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 7\u00a0\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u00a0 DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE \/ \u0414\u041e\u041a\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0410\u041b\u041d\u041e \u0411\u041e\u0413\u0410\u0422\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0443\u043b [Previously Unknown Portrait of Vasil Levski from the Ottoman Archive in Instanbul] \/ \u0414\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0432 \/ Dora Chausheva, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-02-21T11:46:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-06-18T18:58:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"\u0441\u043f. &#8222;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&#8220;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 1, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXVII, 2019\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-21T11:46:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-06-18T18:58:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/\"},\"wordCount\":2184,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bel.azbuki.bg\/en\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f. \\\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\\\", 2019 \u0433.\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/1-xxvii-2019\/\",\"name\":\"\u0441\u043f. \\\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\\\", \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 1, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXVII, 2019 - 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