{"id":40390,"date":"2015-11-10T18:05:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-10T15:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history062015\/"},"modified":"2022-07-27T15:32:48","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T12:32:48","slug":"history062015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foreignlanguages.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles\/history062015\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 6\/2015, Volume 23"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a name=\"top\"><\/a><br \/>\nCONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA \/\u00a0\u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art01\">\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438 (\u0434\u043d. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0406V \u0432.<br \/>\n[The Bulgarian Government of The Territory Between the Lower Danube and the Southern Carpathians (Wallachian Plain) During the First Half of the Fourteenth Century] <\/a> \/<br \/>\n\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432 \/ Tervel Popov &#8211; p. 567<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Tervel-Popov.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art02\">\u0416\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0430<br \/>\n[The Life and Death of a Neolithic House] <\/a>\/<br \/>\n\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \/ Vassil Nikolov &#8211; p. 581<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Vassil-Nikolov.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>BIOGRAPHY COLLECTION \/ \u0411\u0418\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0424\u0418\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u041aO\u041b\u0415\u041a\u0426\u0418\u042f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art03\">\u041f\u043e\u043f \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043e \u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0447\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0410\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u044f \u043e\u0442 1876 \u0433.<br \/>\n[Priest Gruyo Trench\u043ev and His Poem Devoted to the April Uprising of 1876] <\/a>\/<br \/>\n\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ Hristo Temelski &#8211; p. 591<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Hristo-Temelski.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art04\">\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 (1814 \u2013 1815 \u0433.)<br \/>\n[The Effects of European Policy (1814 \u2013 1815) on the Belgian Provinces] <\/a>\/<br \/>\n\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Svetla Glushkova &#8211; p. 600<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Svetla-Glushkova.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art05\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e-\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c<br \/>\n[How The Modern Islamic Fundamentalism to Be Perceived] <\/a>\/<br \/>\n\u041c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432 \/ Mladen Manev &#8211; p. 612<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Mladen-Manev.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>APPROACHES IN TEACHING \/ \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0412 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art06\">\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 VI \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441<br \/>\n[Bulgaria During the Interwar Period \u2013 History in Images. Results of a Diagnostic Experiment] <\/a>\/<br \/>\n\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Maria Nikolova &#8211; 625<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Maria-Nikolova.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANNIVERSARY \/ \u042e\u0411\u0418\u041b\u0415\u0419<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434-\u0440 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d \u0422\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0430 80 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438<br \/>\n[80th Anniversary of Dr. Stoyan Tanev, Assoc. Prof.] \/<br \/>\n\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0432 \/ Vasil Paraskevov &#8211; p. 642<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Vasil-Paraskevov.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>REVIEWS AND ANOTATIONS \/ \u0420\u0415\u0426\u0415\u041d\u0417\u0418\u0418 \u0418 \u0410\u041d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e<br \/>\n[Panagyurtzi in Istanbul During the Revival Period] \/<br \/>\n\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ Hristo Temelski &#8211; p. 646<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Hristo-Temelski_2.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">145 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0411\u0410\u041d \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438<br \/>\n[145 Years Bulgarian Academy Of Sciences \u2013 Challenges and Prospects] \/<br \/>\n<\/span>\u0418\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0422\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0432<span lang=\"EN-US\"> \/ Ilia Todev\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a class=\"doclink\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/azbuki.bg_dmdocuments_Istoriq_06_2015_Ilia-Todev.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANNUAL CONTENTS \/ \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0418\u0428\u041d\u041e \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>READ IN THE LATEST ISSUES OF THE \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS \/<br \/>\nREAD IN THE LATEST ISSUES OF \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><a name=\"art01\"><\/a> \u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423 \u0414\u041e\u041b\u0415\u041d \u0414\u0423\u041d\u0410\u0412 \u0418 \u042e\u0416\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041a\u0410\u0420\u041f\u0410\u0422\u0418\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">(\u0434\u043d. \u0412\u041b\u0410\u0428\u041a\u0410 \u041d\u0418\u0417\u0418\u041d\u0410)\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 \u041f\u042a\u0420\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0418\u041d\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0425\u0406V \u0432.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tervel Popov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u043d. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0406V \u0432. \u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0446\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 (1308 \u2013 1342) \u043e\u0442 23 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1317 \u0433. \u0438 27 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442 1329 \u0433., \u043f\u0438\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u0419\u043e\u0430\u043d \u0425\u0425\u0406\u0406 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0411\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u043e\u0442 1 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0438 1327 \u0433. \u0438 \u0434\u0440.), \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043d. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0406V \u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0440\u044f\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0425\u0406\u0406 \u2013 \u0425\u0406V \u0432., \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Mihail Shishman, Teodor Svetoslav, Valahian plain, Oltenia, fortress, power<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE BULGARIAN GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY BETWEEN THE LOWER DANUBE AND THE SOUTHERN CARPATHIANS (THE WALLACHIAN PLAIN) DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The purpose of the article is to examine the restoration of the Bulgarian government in the Wallachian plain in the early fourteenth century. Little-known documentary material is used (the charters of the Hungarian king Carl Robert of October 23, 1317 and March 27, 1329, a letter from Pope John XXII to Wallachian leader Ivanko Basarab from February 1, 1327, etc.) to shed light on the political processes in the Wallachian plain in the first half of the fourteenth century. The text is also based on archaeological researches of towns and villages situated on the left bank of the Danube river. Their architecture and material culture are similar to those of the Bulgarian medieval towns of XII \u2013 XIV century, which show a strong relation between the two sides of the great river.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Tervel Popov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Faculty of History<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>15, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1504 Sofia, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><a name=\"art02\"><\/a> \u0416\u0418\u0412\u041e\u0422\u042a\u0422 \u0418 \u0421\u041c\u042a\u0420\u0422\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u041d\u0415\u041e\u041b\u0418\u0422\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041a\u042a\u0429\u0410<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vassil Nikolov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>National Institute of Archaeology and Museum \nBulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 (\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 5800 \u0433. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440.) \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 (\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 5500\/5400 \u0433. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440.) \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u0436 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0441\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043b). \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u201e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u201c, \u0442.\u0435. \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430 pars pro toto (\u201e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0446\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u201c). \u0420\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u044f\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u2013 \u0432 \u044f\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u044a\u043d \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u041d\u044f\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u201e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u201c \u043a\u044a\u0449\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0438 \u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u2013 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u201e\u043b\u0438\u043f\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u201c \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Neolithic houses, two-level houses, house-burning, pit sanctuaries<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A NEOLITHIC HOUSE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> During the second half of the early Neolithic (after 5800 B.C.), the construction of two-storey houses in the Eastern and Central Balkans began. It seems that in the early Neolithic both floors of these houses were used as residential, but in the late Neolithic (after 5500\/5400 B.C.) only the upper floor had residential function \u2013 the bottom was used for commercial or industrial purposes (storage of products or salt production). Some of the Neolithic houses were deliberately burned. The intentionally burned houses were buried in pits according to the principle pars pro toto (\u201ca part for the whole\u201d). It seems that in the early Neolithic, the pit sanctuaries were located in the periphery of the village, and in the late Neolithic, in ritual complexes situated outside the village. The researchers have no reason to separate the dead Neolithic people from their houses. It follows that the \u201ccremated\u201d houses might lead us to their probably cremated inhabitants &#8211; one of the possible explanations of the vast amount of \u201cmissing\u201d graves in the Balkan Neolithic.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Vassil Nikolov, DSc.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Corresponding Member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>National Institute and Museum of Archaeology<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2, Saborna str.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1000 Sofia, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art03\"><\/a> \u041f\u041e\u041f \u0413\u0420\u0423\u0419\u041e \u0422\u0420\u0415\u041d\u0427\u041e\u0412 \u0418 \u041d\u0415\u0413\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u0415\u041c\u0410\u00a0\u0417\u0410 \u0410\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041b\u0421\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0415\u041f\u041e\u041f\u0415\u042f \u041e\u0422 1876 \u0433.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(\u041f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 180 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0438 140 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0426\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043e \u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0447\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0435\u0446 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0410\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u044f \u043e\u0442 1876 \u0433. \u0418\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0446 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Gruyo Trenchov, The April uprising of 1876, Bulgarian Revival period<\/p>\n<p><strong>PRIEST GRUYO TRENCHOV AND HIS POEM DEVOTED TO THE APRIL UPRISING OF 1876<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article reveals some moments of the life of pop Gruyo Trenchov &#8211; an ardent revolutionary who participated in The April uprising of 1876. He is author of a poem,that reflected his memories of the heroic epic.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Hristo Temelski, Assoc. Prof.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Church-Historical and Archival Institute<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>19, St. Nedelya Sq.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1000 Sofia, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"art04\"><\/a><strong>\u0411\u0415\u041b\u0413\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0418\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u0412 \u041f\u041b\u0415\u041d\u00a0\u041d\u0410 \u0415\u0412\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041f\u041e\u041b\u0418\u0422\u0418\u041a\u0410 (1814 \u2013 1815 \u0433.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Turnovo<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1814 \u2013 1815 \u0433. \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043d \u0411\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u0445\u0435\u043b\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438-\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0443, \u0431\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u044a\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 1830 \u0433., \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043e\u00ad\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> unification of the Netherlands and Belgian, Congress of Vienna, Alexander I, Viscount Castlereagh, Willem van Oranje<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE EFFECTS OF EUROPEAN POLICY (1814 \u2013 1815)\u00a0<\/strong><strong>ON THE BELGIAN PROVINCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The political construct established in 1814 \u2013 1815 by Napoleon\u2019s victors aimed at uniting Belgians and Dutch in one country the Netherlands governed by William of the Orange-Nassau dynasty. The construct was theoretically useful for the European balance but at the same time it turned out to be anachronistic because it took into consideration neither the religious differences nor the continuous formation of two completely different nations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Svetla Glushkova<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Faculty of History\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Univesity of Veliko Turnovo<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2, Teodossi Turnovski Str.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>5000 Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art05\"><\/a>\u041a\u0410\u041a \u041f\u041e-\u0422\u041e\u0427\u041d\u041e \u0414\u0410 \u0421\u0415 \u0412\u042a\u0417\u041f\u0420\u0418\u0415\u041c\u0410 \u0421\u042a\u0412\u0420\u0415\u041c\u0415\u041d\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422 \u0418\u0421\u041b\u042f\u041c\u0421\u041a\u0418 \u0424\u0423\u041d\u0414\u0410\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0422\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0417\u042a\u041c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0445? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430? \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 50 \u2013 60 \u0433\u043e\u0434.) \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, jihad, terrorism, Laden<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOW THE MODERN ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM\u00a0TO BE PERCEIVED<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> What is the modern understanding of the islamic fundamentalism today? What is the difference between islamic fundamentalism and islamic terrorism? What is the political definition for these two topics? What is the forced public opinion for these social phenomenons? What is political islam? Where is the common ground between religion and politics? The historical science and the history of the Middle East from the recent past (the last 50-60 years) gives us different answers to these questions compared to the modern political rhetoric from the end of the last century.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Mladen Manev, PhD student<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Faculty of History<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>15, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1504 Sofia, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"art06\"><\/a><strong>\u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423\u0412\u041e\u0415\u041d\u041d\u0410 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0418\u0417\u041e\u0411\u0420\u0410\u0416\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f.\u00a0\u0414\u0418\u0410\u0413\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0427\u041d\u041e \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0423\u0427\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415 \u041f\u041e \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u042f\u00a0\u0418 \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0412 VI \u041a\u041b\u0410\u0421<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>138. \u0421\u041e\u0423 \u201e\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u2013 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0442 V\u0406 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u0432 138. \u0421\u041e\u0423 \u201e\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u201e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u201c. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> history, didactic test, historical skills, historical images<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>BULGARIA DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD \u2013\u00a0<\/strong><strong>HISTORY IN IMAGES. RESULTS OF A DIAGNOSTIC EXPERIMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents the results of \u0430 didactic diagnostic test which was conducted among students of VI grade in 138. &#8222;Prof. Vassil Zlatarski&#8220; School. The results of the diagnostic study reveal the students\u2019 abilities to work with images, such as explaining the causes and consequences of historical events, comparing images and compilation of short text answers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Mrs. Maria Nikolova<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>138. &#8222;Prof. Vassil Zlatarski&#8220; Secondary School<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3 \u2013 5, Alfred Nobel Str.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1574 Sofia, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 &nbsp; VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA \/\u00a0\u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438 (\u0434\u043d. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0406V \u0432. [The Bulgarian Government of The Territory Between the Lower Danube and the Southern Carpathians (Wallachian Plain) During the First Half of the Fourteenth Century] [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[2878],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 6, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIII, 2015 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history062015\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 6, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXIII, 2015 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 &nbsp; VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA \/\u00a0\u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438 (\u0434\u043d. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0406V \u0432. 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